Fig. 2: Inhibiting fucosylation enhances sensitivity of ovarian tumors to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in vivo.

a Representation of AOL-binding glycans enriched in tumors grown in immunocompetent (C57BL/6; B6) compared to immunocompromised (NSG) environments. b–d Relative expression of genes encoding the indicated fucosyltransferases involved in tumors grown in B6 compared to NSG mice as determined by RT-qPCR. n = 3 biologically independent samples. P-values were calculated using two-tailed t-test. Error bars represent Mean with SD. e Schematic representation of in vivo experiments examining the impact of 2FF treatment on the response of ovarian cancers to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. f-g Weight of orthotopic tumors formed by HR-deficient HGS2 or BPPNM (f) or HR-proficient UPK10 or KPCA (g) cells in C57BL/6 mice following the indicated treatments with 2FF, anti-PD-L1 antibody or in combination (n = 5 mice per group with exception of n = 4 mice per group for BPPNM model). Two-tailed P-values were calculated by ANOVA corrected by the Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli method to generate q-values. Error bars represent mean with SEM. h Number of genes whose expression was significantly modulated in mice treated with 2FF in addition to anti-PD-L1 compared to mice treated with anti-PD-L1 alone. n = 3 77 genes for CD8⁺ T cells, n = 124 genes for neurophils, n = 63 for CD4⁺ T cells, and n = 26 for Tregs cells. i Ingenuity pathway analyses of pathways significantly modulated in different immune cells from mice treated with the combination of 2FF and anti-PD-L1 compared to mice treated with anti-PD-L1 alone. For single cell RNA-seq, n = 1 mouse from each of the indicated groups. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.