Fig. 3: Complementation of A. thaliana ICS1 mutant plants with ICS1 gene driven by an inducible XVE expression system to generate transgenic plants with varying amount of SA hormones and in planta validation of SA nanosensor using transgenic A. thaliana mutant line (XVE::ICS1), where SA levels can be activated and controlled by the amount of estradiol (E2) inducer treatment. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Complementation of A. thaliana ICS1 mutant plants with ICS1 gene driven by an inducible XVE expression system to generate transgenic plants with varying amount of SA hormones and in planta validation of SA nanosensor using transgenic A. thaliana mutant line (XVE::ICS1), where SA levels can be activated and controlled by the amount of estradiol (E2) inducer treatment.

From: Decoding early stress signaling waves in living plants using nanosensor multiplexing

Fig. 3

a Time dependent expression of ICS1 gene upon E2 induction, highest gene expression was detected at 16 h post induction. Bar graph show the mean values with error bars representing standard deviations from biologically independent experiments (n = 3). Dots represent each data point; b increased gene induction with increasing amount of E2 at 16hrs post induction. Bar graph show the mean values with error bars representing standard deviations from biologically independent experiments (n = 3). Dots represent each data point; c A. thaliana mutants (top) and wild-type A. thaliana (bottom) leaves subjected to E2 treatment (blue arrows) of different concentrations of 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM; d Brightfield image of A. thaliana leaf infiltrated with SA sensor and reference sensor on the left and right side of the midvein respectively; e False-color images showing nIR fluorescence of sensor-infiltrated wild-type A. thaliana and A. thaliana mutant leaves, 16 h after E2 treatments of 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM, compared against wild-type A. thaliana; f nIR fluorescence quenching intensity ratio (red) of SA and reference sensors, and the corresponding local concentration of SA (blue) detected 16 h after 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM E2 treatment compared against wild-type A. thaliana. Bar graphs show the mean values with error bars representing standard error from independent experiments (n = 5). Dots represent each data point.; g Average concentrations of SA in A. thaliana determined by LCMS, 16 h after 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM E2 treatment, compared to wild-type. Bar graph show the mean values with error bars representing standard deviations from biologically independent experiments (n = 3). Dots represent each data point. Different alphabet letters show significant differences using one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05.

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