Fig. 5: Characterization and PEC performance of CsPbBr3 photoanodes with protective catalytic BDD/Ni/NiFeOOH sheet.

a Tilted (45°) SEM micrograph of BDD/Ni/NiFeOOH. b Energy band diagram of each component in the BDD protected photoanode. c Main graph: stability test at +1.23 VRHE under 1 sun illumination. Left inset: LSV scan under 1 sun (solid line) and in dark (green dashed line) before stability test at 50 mV s−1 scan rate. Right inset: photograph of the photoanode under operation showing the evolved O2 bubbles. The electrolyte is 1 M NaOH (pH 14).