Fig. 3: The effect of further categorization of HDL-C change on cancer risk.

Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for gastric (a), colorectal (b), liver (c), pancreatic (d), gallbladder (e), and biliary cancers (f). ∆HDL-C = [(HDL-C at follow-up) − (HDL-C at baseline)]. X-axis is adjusted HR and y-axis is HDL-C change group. Adjusted HRs and CIs are derived from Cox proportional regression analysis. The dashed blue lines illustrate an HR of 1. The reference is a persistently normal (Normal-to-Normal) group. The HR is indicated with the central bar and the error bars show the 95% confidence interval (CI). Red bar is statistical significant HR with CI. Low to Increase (n = 125,709), Low to Low (n = 387,739), Low to Normal (n = 205,486), Normal to Increase (n = 194,998), Normal to Low (n = 385,774), and Normal to Normal (n = 1,831,089). The exact hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are provided in Supplementary Table 7. HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol.