Fig. 5: Admixture and demographic history in a putative hybrid swarm of Stenogyne microphylla and Stenogyne rugosa.
From: Allopolyploid origin and diversification of the Hawaiian endemic mints
a Map of Hawai’i showing the location of the hybrid populations on Mauna Kea (red star), with the Kaaliali trail zoomed in. The dots represent the 11 sites sampled along the Kaaliali trail, each with ten Stenogyne microphylla and purported hybrid individuals collected and analyzed. b Silica-gel-preserved plant material and habitat images of Stenogyne individuals from Mauna Kea, labeled by site where relevant. Top to bottom: 0.1.4, an open flower; 0.1.9, a somewhat elongate, S. rugosa-like leaf; 0.3.1, smaller, S. microphylla-like leaves; 1.0.8, elongate to short leaves, representing an admixed individual; S. microphylla-like plant climbing on a Sophora tree; S. rugosa-like plant, entirely terrestrial in habit. c ADMIXTURE results (dataset HM1), with best-fitting K = 2, is shown to the left (numbers refer to the sampling sites shown in (a), and the average leaf area measured from each individual is displayed to the right. Open squares and triangles refer to the mostly admixed samples from sites 0.1 and 1.0, respectively, while the filled circles and triangles indicate mostly unadmixed and the S. microphylla and S. rugosa reference samples, respectively. Arrows correspond to the samples imaged in (b) (also from top to bottom). d Principal component analysis (dataset HM1), showing PC2 and PC3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Image sources for panel a are Google Earth, Image Landsat / Copernicus, Data LDEO-Columbia, NSF, NOAA, Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO, Data MBARI; inset, web map service data provided by USDA.
