Fig. 1: Reduced expression of GADD45g in human MPNs cells exhibits tumor-promoting functions.

a Relative expression of GADD45g mRNA in primary CD34⁺ cells from patients with ET (n = 5) and PV (n = 5) compared with those from human cord blood (CB) (n = 7), as determined by qRT-PCR. b Relative expression of GADD45g mRNA in primary BMMNCs from patients with ET (n = 14) and PV (n = 13) compared with those from healthy donors (n = 16), as determined by qRT-PCR. c Western blot analysis of GADD45g protein levels in primary BMMNCs from patients with ET, PV and healthy donors (n = 5-6 donors in each group). d GADD45g expression in CD34⁺ cells from patients with PV (n = 10) and PMF (n = 32) in comparison to those from healthy volunteers (n = 16) (GSE53482). e Comparison of colony formation potential between primary BM CD34⁺ cells from GADD45g^high and those from GADD45g^low patients with MPN (n = 5 per group). f Relative expression of GADD45g mRNA in HEL and SET-2 cells transfected with 2 different GADD45g-specific shRNAs (shGAD1 and shGAD2). A scrambled shRNA was used as a control (shCtrl). g Western blot showing GADD45g-protein levels in HEL and SET-2 cells after knockdown using shGAD1 and shGAD2. Blots are representative of three independent experiments. h–k Effects of GADD45g knockdown on colony formation (h), proliferation (i), apoptosis (j) and cell cycle (k) of HEL and SET-2 cells. For (f and h–k) Figures shown are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3 technical replicates). Comparisons were evaluated by two-tailed Student’s t test, and multiple groups were analyzed with one-way ANOVA.