Fig. 3: Synthesis of mixed-stack complexes 2X–Fn.
From: Orbital hybridization of donor and acceptor to enhance the conductivity of mixed-stack complexes

a Synthesis of donor 2S by bromination followed by lithiation and methylthiolation. b Synthesis of mixed-stack complexes 2X–Fn by chemical oxidation of donor (2O and 2S) by acceptors (F4 and F2). The δ values were determined using Kistenmacher’s equation37. NBS N-bromosuccinimide, nBu n-butyl, THF tetrahydrofuran, Me methyl.