Fig. 3: Comparison of modeled grounding line position of West Antarctic Ice Sheet ice streams to proxy reconstructions.
From: Ocean cavity regime shift reversed West Antarctic grounding line retreat in the late Holocene
a Standard TraCE-21ka and modified ocean forcing for the Ross Sea sector. Distance of ice sheet grounding from the modern grounding line for the (b) Whillans and c Bindschadler ice streams (WIS and BIS, respectively) for simulations with a mantle viscosity of 7.5e20 Pa s. These ice stream transects are defined based on the central stream line of the present-day ice sheet, with the grounding line defined as the first instance of a grounded ice sheet along this transect. Horizontal lines correspond to the proxy sites. Dotted (dashed) lines show simulations with higher (lower) mantle viscosity, 1e21 Pa s (5e20 Pa s). The vertical blue line shows the radiocarbon age for retreat at Whillans Grounding Zone (WGZ) from ref. 8, with blue shading indicating age uncertainty. The vertical yellow and pink lines respectively indicate the modeled age for retreat and advance at the WIS and BIS sites from ref. 10 with colored shading indicating age uncertainty.
