Fig. 4: Bed topography changes and relative sea level predicted by the ice sheet and glacioisostatic adjustment (GIA) models.
From: Ocean cavity regime shift reversed West Antarctic grounding line retreat in the late Holocene
a–c Bed topographic change (m) for the ice sheet model (ISM) and GIA models with weak Earth structure (GIAWE) and strong Earth structure (GIASE) during the retreat phase of the MV7.5e20 + 0.5 °C simulation (solid orange line in Fig. 3). All simulations adopt the same ice history, shown in Fig. 2h (grounding line migration) and Supplementary Fig. S8 (ice thickness change). d–f Bed topographic change for the same model simulation, but during the advance phase. The purple markers indicate the proxy site locations. g, h Relative sea level from the three models and reconstruction. For the ISM, relative sea level is determined relative to the global mean sea-level forcing (Supplementary Fig. S1), whereas the GIA models account for the gravitational, rotational, and deformational (GRD) effects of the Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet deglaciation using the ICE-5G dataset89.
