Fig. 5: Ice stream and ice shelf responses to changes in ocean forcing.
From: Ocean cavity regime shift reversed West Antarctic grounding line retreat in the late Holocene
a, b Vertical transects of the Whillans and Bindschadler ice streams every 2 ka from 10 to 0 ka BP from the ice sheet model in Fig. 4. The lines darken in color through time, with color changes corresponding to changes in the ocean forcing: standard TraCE-21ka forcing from 9 to 7 ka BP (gold), an anomalous ocean warming phase from 7 to 2 ka BP (red), and a return to the standard TraCE-21ka forcing (blue). Bed topography through time is represented by the gray lines, also darkening through time. c, d Basal melt rate (solid line) and ice flux anomaly relative to 0 ka (dotted line) at the transect location indicated by the vertical orange line in (a, b).
