Fig. 4: The ion permeation pathway.

Pore profiles (surface representation in gray) were calculated using the HOLE program for (a) GLICpH7.5 (purple), (b) GLICpH5.5 (green), (c) GLICpH4.0-C1 (dodger blue), (d) GLICpH4.0-C2 (salmon), and (e) GLICpH4.0-O (deep pink). The membrane bilayer is shown as a gradient of apricot color. The M2 helices from the two diagonal subunits are shown in a cartoon for clarity, and the pore-lining residues are shown as sticks. f Comparison of the pore radius plotted against the distance along the pore axis. Curves have the same color key as in (a–e). The vertical black dotted line represents the approximate radius of a hydrated Na+ ion. g The cryo-EM densities (gray, transparent) of water molecules (green sphere) observed in GLICpH4.0-O are shown.