Table 1 Representatives of the rho-derived genes with different retention and loss patterns

I

HOG00220

DWARF8 /Rht-B1b

Zm00001d033680, TraesCS4B01G043100

The maize DWARF8 gene and the wheat Rht-B1b gene regulate GA dose-response¹⁷⁴.

I

HOG00224

TT3.2

LOC_Os03g49940

OsTT3.2 interacts with OsTT3.1 can enhance rice thermotolerance and reduce grain-yield losses caused by heat stress¹⁷⁵.

I

HOG01525

NAC78

Zm00001d027395

ZmNAC78 can modulate the mRNA abundance of Fe transporters in kernels⁷⁸.

I

HOG01763

COLD1

LOC_Os04g51180

OsCOLD1 interacts with G protein to confer chilling tolerance in rice⁷⁷.

I

HOG05586

FIE

Zm00001d049608, Zm00001d024698

FIE represses the endosperm development without fertilization¹⁷⁶.

I

HOG05693

D53

LOC_Os12g01360

D53 represses the strigolactone signaling in rice⁷⁶.

I

HOG07259

TS2

Zm00001d028806

TS2 encodes a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase and has general developmental roles⁷⁵.

II

HOG01539

TMT3B

TraesCS4B01G322000

Ectopic activation of TMT3B rescued wheat growth and yield penalties caused by MLO disruption¹⁷⁷.

III

HOG02598

GW8

LOC_Os08g41940

GW8 modulates cell proliferation in rice¹⁰⁸.

III

HOG03574

PROG1

LOC_Os07g05900

PROG1 encodes the zinc-finger nuclear transcriptional factor controlling prostrate growth in rice¹⁷⁸.

III

HOG08247

SBEIIa

LOC_Os04g33460

SBEIIa regulates sugary endosperm in rice¹⁷⁹.

IV

HOG01435

KRN2

Zm00001d002641, LOC_Os04g48010

ZmKRN2 and OsKRN2 encoding WD40 have regulatory roles in grain number in maize and rice, respectively¹⁸⁰.

IV

HOG01513

RAVL1

Zm00001d002562

ZmRAVL1 encoding a B3-domian transcriptional factor can modulate the gene expression of brassinosteroid C-6 oxidase1⁸⁹.

IV

HOG08376

DREB1C

LOC_Os06g03670

OsDREB1C can regulate both photosynthesis and nitrogen utilization¹⁸¹.