Fig. 4: Increase of NOX enzymatic activity in Dbp1-NOX microcondensates and nanoclusters.

A, B Michaelis–Menten plot of 1 µM (A) and 280 nM (B) NOX (black) and Dbp1-NOX (blue and red) in 25 mM Tris, 20 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. Symbols indicate experimental data and continuous lines in the model simulations. n ≥ 3 independent experiments, except for one data point, which is derived from n = 2, and no error bars are derived. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. C Schematic illustration of the initial rates in the dilute and dense phase (blue color) and of the overall initial rate of the entire system (red color) for the homogeneous NOX solution and LCD-NOX heterogeneous systems. D Schematic illustration showing the effect of protein condensation on the normalized rates across length scales. The sizes of 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 µm indicate, respectively, the protein dimer, the nanoclusters, and the micron-sized condensates. Created with BioRender.com.