Fig. 1: The biosynthetic pathway of bergenin.
From: Unravelling and reconstructing the biosynthetic pathway of bergenin
a Proposed biosynthetic pathway from GA (2) to bergenin (1) in A. japonica. Dashed arrows represent the unclear steps. b The designed de novo artificial biosynthesis of bergenin from glucose in Escherichia coli. The reconstructed biosynthetic pathway mainly contains GA-producing module, OMT-CGT module and donor-supplying module. GA, gallic acid (2); 4-OMGA, 4-O-methyl gallic acid (3); 4-OMGA-Glc, 4-O-methyl gallic acid 2-C-β-D-glycoside (4); GA-Glc, gallic acid 2-C-β-D-glycoside (5); G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; DAHP, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate; 4-HBA, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3,4-DHBA, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; UbiC, chorismate lyase; PobA**, p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase with Y385F and T294A mutation; 2-CGT, 2-C-glycosyltransferase; 4-OMT, 4-O-methyltransferase; UDP-Glc, uridine diphosphate glucose; SAM, S-adenosyl methionine.
