Fig. 3: Systematic benchmarks of unsupervised clustering analysis of tumor region.

Visualization in UMAP: a distribution of superpixels across the discovery (PROSPECT, TCIA) and validation ICON cohorts. b the 8 clusters identified using Louvain clustering by dimension reduction. c Imaging interpretation of the eight cluster regions using High, Low, Intermediate levels. d Examples of habitat maps of patients with disease recurrence and no recurrence from the discovery set. Rows 1, 2 and 3 show habitat maps of patients who has recurrence of disease after 5, 47 and 37.5 months, respectively. They show high volume of clusters 7 and 8. Rows 4, 5 and 6 show habitat maps of patients who has no recurrence of disease showing high volume of clusters 3 and 4.