Fig. 5: Workflow of habitat imaging–based intratumor partitioning on chest CT and PET images.

Example patients with similar baseline clinical characteristics in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk subtype groups. a CT and b PET scans. c, d are the fused 3D tumor volume oversegmented to superpixels and integrated by clustering using the Louvain algorithm to identify the habitat regions. Created with BioRender.com.