Fig. 1: Strategy to design efficient electron-deficient Auδ+ cocatalyst for improving H2O2-production kinetics.

a Schematic illustration of electron-deficient Auδ+ formation to reinforce Au-Oads bond: (1) weak Au-Oads bond on Au surface; (2) the formation of electron-deficient Auδ+ sites by MoSx incorporation; (3) strong Au-Oads bond on MoSx-Au surface. b Schematic diagram about reducing the antibonding-orbital occupancy of Au-Oads by the free-electron transfer from Au to MoSx cocatalyst.