Fig. 2: The movement of particles driven by opto-acoustically excited elastic waves.
From: Programmable photoacoustic patterning of microparticles in air
a Dispersion relationship between the frequency and wavelength of the elastic waves, represented by the color map (measured) and blue circles (calculated). b Schematic representation of particle jumping induced by photoacoustic effect. The inset is micrographs of 25 μm silica particles. c Simulated and experimental results showing the deformation of the membrane caused by laser radiation within a rectangular area of 0.4 mm in width and 4 mm in length. d Relationship between maximum jumping heights and horizontal position of particles. calculation results are represented by a blue curve; experiment results are represented by red dots. The light green rectangle area represents the laser-illuminated region. e Relationship between particles’ jumping height and laser energy of each pulse. The green semicircles represent the calculation results, while the blue dots represent the average jump height and error bars are plotted by purple line segments. f Particle patterning 3 s after initial laser irradiation.
