Fig. 4: Predicted biogenic silica (bSi) biomass of planktonic Rhizaria.

a, b Maps of the predicted average 1° × 1° biogenic silica concentration in the epipelagic (0–200 m; a) and mesopelagic layer (200–1000 m; b). c Integrated bSi biomass as a function of latitude for both layers. Regression curves were derived using Generalized Additive Models. Note the logarithmic scaling for bSi biomass. d Total bSi biomass for Phaeodaria families in both layers. Only groups whose model R² calculated by random cross-validation is >0.05 are shown. a, b Maps were created using the R software version 4.0.3 (ref. 63).