Fig. 3: The influencing factors and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

a Evolution of Isc curve with RH change from 5% to 75% versus time. b Isc curves of MEG and PVA with the time (65% RH). c The moisture uptake capability with time of MEG and PVA (65% RH). Scatter maps between IRI (interaction region indicator) and sign(λ2)ρ of AlgCa-H2O (d), AlgNa-H2O (e), PVA-H2O (f). g IRI maps and the corresponding interaction energies (kJ mol−1) of AlgCa-H2O (i), AlgNa-H2O (ii), PVA (iii). The sign(λ2)ρ is mapped on the isosurfaces. The arrows point to the corresponding sign(λ2)ρ with different interaction strength between polymers and H2O. The colors in the scatter maps (d–f) represent by the color bar in (g). Source data are provided with this paper.