Fig. 4: LCAs maintain the transcriptomic and genomic signatures of parental tumors.

a Gene expression heatmap of 6577 differentially expressed genes (see Methods) in normal tissues, parental tumors and LCAs of four patients (LC14, LC28, LC51 and LC52). N, normal tissue; T, tumor; A, LCAs. Pearson correlation coefficients of log(CPM) values of all genes between tumor and LCA from each patient were shown at the bottom. b, c Bubble plots of enriched gene ontology biological process terms in the shared upregulated and downregulated genes of the LCAs and parental tumors compared to the matched normal tissues. The p-values are derived by Metascape which utilizes the well-adopted hypergeometric test and Benjamini-Hochberg p-value correction algorithm. d Heatmap of the enriched maker genes of different cell populations (cancer stem cells, immune cells and lung cancer cells) between tumors and corresponding LCAs. e Somatic mutations found in lung cancer-related genes are present and conserved between LCAs and parental tumors. Mutation types are indicated in the legend. f Heat map illustrating genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) of lung tumor–LCA pairs of three patients (LC28, LC51 and LC52). Numbers on the right side indicate the Pearson correlation coefficient for each pair of samples. DNA copy number gains (red) and losses (blue) found in the original lung cancer tissues are conserved in the corresponding LCAs.