Fig. 5: Wide-field calcium imaging of different brain states.

A The diagram depicts wide-field calcium imaging in Thy1-GCaMP6s mice, synchronized with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings. To reduce hemodynamics signals (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 6A), the 470 nm excitation light and 405 nm light are alternated frame-by-frame, achieving a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. Cartoons created by Biorender.com. B Differentiation of brain states according to the EEG spectrum (upper) and EMG signals (bottom), with the duration of the brain state highlighted in green. Lower panels: Brain activity patterns during awake, REM, and non-REM sleep states, represented by the mean fluorescence intensity of calcium imaging. The baseline (F) is set as the median fluorescence intensity over the entire recording time, and the color scale displays △F/F values. C Disparity matrices illustrate differences in FC strength for intra- and interhemispheric connections across various brain states. Areas shaded in gray represent connections where the FC strength differential is not statistically significant (N = 19, a two-sided t test, p > 0.05). The corresponding t statistic and p value for all connections are provided in Supplementary Data 7. For the raw FC matrices pertaining to each brain state, refer to Supplementary Fig. 7. Source data of (B, C) are provided as a Source Data file.