Fig. 5: Drivers of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its oxidative potential (OPv).
From: Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India
a Source contribution to PM2.5 mass concentrations (µg m−3) and 3 assays (ascorbic acid: AAv, dithiothreitol: DTTv; 2´,7´-dichlorofluorescin: DCFHv; all in nmol m−3). The relative contribution is estimated by considering the median OP per unit mass (OPm) of each assay obtained from 1000 bootstrap runs while performing multi-linear regression, and organic aerosol (OA) sources as well as PM2.5 spatial and temporal concentrations. PM2.5 (µg m−3) and its oxidative potential comparison across five (5) world regions (India, China, Spain, France, and Switzerland) with distinct economic status (b–d) indicates ~10 times higher oxidative aerosols in all the Indian locations covered in this study. The samples from these sites were specifically chosen as they are measured with the same protocol and are thus directly comparable.
