Fig. 5: Detail analysis of a framboid and surrounding iron particles.

A, B. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) data of oxygen and iron, respectively, obtained from boxes c1 in Fig. 2, d2–f3. The bottom three spectra are reference spectra for synthesized wüstite, hematite, and magnetite (purity: 99.5%; Kojundo Chemical Lab. Co., Ltd.), respectively. C, D Magnetic-flux-distribution and high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)–scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images, respectively, for box 5c in Fig. 2. E Magnetic-flux-distribution image of box 5e in Fig. 2. F Magnified HAADF–STEM image of the box in (E). The STEM–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry elemental ratios in f1, f2, and f3 were Fe/Ni = 95.3:4.7, 98.0:2.0, and O/Mg/Al/Si/Fe = 52.7:13.6:0.5:17.0:16.3, respectively. G, H EELS maps of oxygen and iron, respectively, corresponding to (F). All magnetic-flux-distribution images are two times the phase-amplified reconstruction. Scale bars are 200 nm for (C–E) and 100 nm for (F–H).