Fig. 6: Pseudo-magnetites.

A, G High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)–scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of the thin sections extracted from Positions iii (FIBiii) and iv (FIBiv), respectively, of the surface of particle A0064–FO007–I, as shown in Fig. 1A. B, C, I Selected-area electron-diffraction patterns from b, c in (A), and i in (G), respectively. The indices in (B, C, I) correspond to FeO (JCPDS #6-0615). The broad ring in (B) originated from amorphous iron silicate. Weak spots in (C), indicated by white arrows, correspond to magnetite. D Electron energy-loss spectroscopy data of oxygen and iron obtained from the boxes i–iv in (A). E, H Magnetic-flux-distribution images corresponding to (A) and the square region in (G), respectively. F, J HAADF–STEM images and elemental mapping corresponding to (A, G), respectively. Although the white arrow in (F) indicates an intense signal for sodium, there was no characteristic peak in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry data, suggesting an artificial contrast caused by the baseline. The entire data are given in SI, Figs. S6 and S8. The scale bars are 500 nm for (A, E, I) and 1 μm for (F, G, J).