Fig. 3: LSD1 is required for starvation-induced muscle atrophy.

a Representative western blot analysis of gastrocnemius muscle nuclear extracts from mice fed or starved for 12 or 24 h, immunoprecipitated with anti-GR or anti-LSD1 antibodies. Rabbit IgG served as a control for immunoprecipitation. N = 3 mice. b Body, gastrocnemius, tibialis, quadriceps, soleus, spleen and epWAT weights of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^(i)skm-/- mice fed or starved for 48 h. N = 9 mice. Mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. c, d Distribution (c) and average CSA (d) of gastrocnemius of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^(i)skm-/- mice fed or starved for 48 h. N = 3. Mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction (c), one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction (d). e Maximal (Max) and average (Mean) grip strength of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^(i)skm-/- mice fed or starved for 48 h. N = 16 Ctrl fed, 12 Ctrl starved, 18 LSD1^(i)skm-/- fed and 11 LSD1^(i)skm-/- starved mice. Mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. f, g Representative western blot analysis (f) and corresponding quantification (g) of the indicated proteins in quadriceps of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^{(i)skm−/−} mice fed or starved for 48 h. α-TUBULIN was used as a loading control. N = 3 mice. Mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. h Relative transcript levels of indicated genes determined in gastrocnemius of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^(i)skm-/- mice fed or starved for 48 h. N = 6 Ctrl Fed, 10 Ctrl Starved, 10 LSD1^(i)skm-/- Fed and 10 LSD1^(i)skm-/- Starved mice. Mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. i Ultrastructure analysis of gastrocnemius muscles of 12-week-old Ctrl and LSD1^(i)skm-/- mice fed or starved for 48 h. Mt mitochondria, S sarcoplasm, Z Z line. Black arrow indicates Z line disruption; white arrows indicate loss of myofilaments. This experiment has been performed on a minimum of 5 mice per group. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.