Fig. 2: Molecular orbital trend within the 3d transition metal series for MS and MW defects.

a The molecular orbital diagram shows the splitting between anti-bonding and bonding state (ΔAB) as well as the splitting with d orbitals (Δd) for a typical MW and MS defect. b A schematic of the bonding and anti-bonding state for different 3d transition metals in MW (blue) and MS (yellow) positions. The conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) are drawn as black lines.