Fig. 4: The associations of glutamate metabolism with brain Aβ deposition (n = 421).
From: Metabolic phenotyping reveals an emerging role of ammonia abnormality in Alzheimer’s disease
The levels of glutamate (a), glutamate/glutamine (b), and glutamate/GABA (c) in CN + SCD, MCI + AD, and all participants stratified by positive and negative Aβ deposition which was determined by the consensus of physicians’ visual interpretation of PET image. The solid line in violine plot represents the median and the dashed line represents quartile. The p values were from Mann-Whitney test (two-sided). d Typical brain regions. Brain Aβ deposition were negatively associated with glutamate/glutamine (e–l), glutamate/GABA (m–q), and glutamate (r–t), based on the voxel-wise analysis, in entire and stage-/sex-/age-/APOE-ε4-stratified participants. The significance level of the linear regression (e–t) was set at p < 0.05 (two-sided) with peak-level false discovery rate (FDR) correction and the cluster-defining voxel threshold at the default of 0.001. The color bar stands for the T values of the voxel-wise analysis. Covariates including age, sex, BMI, education year, and APOE-ε4 were adjusted when applicable. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
