Fig. 4: Origin of ultrahigh rates.
From: Sub-millisecond lithiothermal synthesis of graphitic meso–microporous carbon
A Simulation results of the spatial ion flux distribution of electrolyte ions in the two different pores of interconnected pore and hierarchical pore from the top view and cross-sectional view. B The total electrolyte ion flux for interconnected pores and hierarchical pores. C Calculated adsorption energy of BF4− ion with various defects, including hole, carbonyl, and two carbonyls, on carbon basal layer. D Schematic illustration of the ion transport in nanopores of MGC. Because of the low adsorption energy between ions and functional group-free, highly graphitized pore walls of MGC, ions can diffuse along the inner surface of MGC pores with much faster charge transfer dynamics, like transport on a lubricated surface and ensure an ultrahigh charge/discharge rate capability.
