Fig. 2: Teratology of Late Triassic/Early Jurassic spores. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Teratology of Late Triassic/Early Jurassic spores.

From: Climate-forced Hg-remobilization associated with fern mutagenesis in the aftermath of the end-Triassic extinction

Fig. 2

a–h Fossilized spores of pteridopsid ferns from the Lower Saxony Basin (Schandelah-1 core; this study) and i–p Danish Basin (Stenlille-1/4, Rødby-1 and N. Albert sections2). a and i Normal triangular spores derived from Deltoidospora spp. b and j Type-I malformations: dwarfed and unexpanded spores. c and k Type-II malformations: spores with thickened and/or deformed labra. d and l Type-III malformations: cracks and/or folds in the exine wall. e and m Type-IV malformations: elongated, oval spores with abnormal/uneven sutures showing single (monolete) laesura and f and n square spores with abnormal/uneven sutures showing multiple (quadrilete) laesurae. g and o Type-V malformations: severely deformed proximate area with no clear discernible trilete marks. h and p Type-VI malformations: attached spores conjoined by additional wall material.

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