Fig. 5: Proposed reaction mechanisms by DFT.

a The proposed catalytic cycle of the GS-like activity of STPE-PMNSs in the presence of ATP. b The activation of Glu (up) and the formation of Gln (down) in the absence of ATP.
a The proposed catalytic cycle of the GS-like activity of STPE-PMNSs in the presence of ATP. b The activation of Glu (up) and the formation of Gln (down) in the absence of ATP.