Fig. 1: Inhibition of FAK leads to acinar lineage conversion to insulin-producing cells.

a, b Measurement of serum amylase (a), or serum lipase (b) in vehicle-treated (n = 8) or FAKi-treated mice (n = 7 in a, and n = 8 in b). c–e Graphs showing glucose tolerance test (n = 10 for Vehicle, 10 for Pre-FAKi, and 8 for Post-FAKi group) (c), area under the curve (AUC) analysis for the IPGTT (d), or body weight of the mice at the time of the IPGTT (e). f, g H&E (f) and the corresponding immunostaining for detection of insulin and amylase on samples obtained from FAKi-treated mice showing a single insulin⁺ cell adjacent to an islet (arrows in f and g). n = 5 mice. h Imaging of tamoxifen-induced ElaCreERT2,R26^Tom mice treated with FAKi showing Tom⁺/insulin⁺ cells outside the endocrine islets. n = 5 mice from 3 independent experiments. i, j Fluorescent imaging of tamoxifen-induced ElaCreERT2,R26^Tom mice treated with vehicle (i) or FAKi (j) for detection of tomato and glucagon showing Tom⁺/Gcg^- cells within the islets. n = 5 mice from 3 independent experiments. k–m Confocal imaging of tamoxifen-induced ElaCreERT2,R26^Tom mice treated with vehicle (k) or FAKi (l, m) for detection of Tomato and insulin showing Tom⁺/insulin⁺ cells within islets. n = 5 mice from 3 independent experiments. n–q Quantification of tomato-labeled (Tom⁺) cells infiltrating the endocrine islets at the end of FAKi treatment. The percentage of islets infiltrated by Tom⁺ cells (n). The percentage of islets containing, less than 5 Tom⁺ cells, 5–10 Tom⁺ cells or more than 10 Tom⁺ cells per islet (o). The percentage of insulin-producing cells among the intra-islet Tom⁺ cells (p). The contribution of acinar-derived insulin-producing cells to the total β-cell population (q). n = 5 mice. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired, two-tailed t-test in (a, b) and one-way ANOVA in (d, e). Data is presented as mean ± SD. isl: islet, du: duct. Scale bar = 20 μm. Source data are provided as a Source data file.