Fig. 8: Effect of OPs on the PD phenotypes in UA196 worms.

a Schematic to assess the behavioral deficits in UA196 worms in the presence of ethanol and E. coli as a function of time. The CI graph for N2, UA196 worms, and UA196 worms treated with 50 µM NS163 under the indicated conditions on day three (b) and day 10 (c). Snapshots of the animated videos (at 60 min) collected for the CI for UA196 (d), UA196 + 50 µM NS163 (e), and N2 (f) under the indicated conditions on day 10. The motility of UA196 worms ( + 2 mM Dopamine) in the absence (g) and presence (h) of 50 µM NS163 and N2 worms (i, + 2 mM Dopamine). j Schematic of the aging process of UA196 worms and their treatment with ligands (day five) in a post-disease onset PD model. k The relative number of healthy neurons in UA196 worms treated with 50 µM NS163 on day five. l Statistics for the total number of healthy neurons in UA196 worms when treated on day five with the indicated ligands (50 µM). m Statistical analysis of the ROS level on day 8 in UA196 worms when treated with 50 µM NS163 on day five. For the ROS quantification, at least 50 worms were used, and each condition consisted of n = 3 independent experiments, each with 2 technical replicates. For motility experiments, a total of 50 worms were used in duplicate for each experiment and each condition consisted of n = 4 independent experiments, each with 2 technical replicates. For chemotaxis assays, a total of 50 worms were used for each experiment and each condition consisted of n = 3 independent experiments, each with 2 technical replicates. For confocal imaging, the healthy neurons of 10 worms were counted manually, and each condition (day) consisted of n = 6 independent experiments, each with 2 technical replicates. The data represent the mean values ± s.e.m. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test where relevant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.