Fig. 2: Volcano plot for the prospective associations of circulating proteins with risk of cancer.

Volcano plot displaying the results from the prospective observational analyses of 1463 proteins with cancer risk. Top protein-cancer associations plotted with point size indicating the number of ENT significant protein-cancer associations. The point colour represents the cancer site. Hazard ratios per SD for cancer risk are plotted on the x-axis while –log10 p-values are plotted on the y-axis. Protein names and hazard ratios are labelled to highlight a selection of associations significant after correction for multiple testing (p < 0.05/639). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each cancer site were separately estimated using two-sided Cox proportional hazards regression models. N- number, ENT – effective number of tests. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.