Fig. 2: X-linked gene expression and dosage compensation observed across the caudate nucleus, DLPFC, and hippocampus.

A Enrichment of significant sex-biased genes relative to genes known to escape X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) across the caudate nucleus (n = 393; 121 female and 272 male), DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; n = 359; 114 female and 245 male), and hippocampus (n = 375; 121 female and 254 male). Dot plot of enrichment (two-sided, Fisher’s exact test) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for XCI genes by brain region separated by male bias (upregulated in male individuals), female bias (upregulated in female individuals), and all DEGs. Size of dots denotes -log10 of Bonferroni corrected p values. Color relates to log10 odds ratio (OR) with depletion in blue and enrichment in red. B Box plot showing relative X-chromosome expression (RXE) comparison between female (red) and male (blue) individuals with two-sided, Mann-Whitney U two-tailed, p values annotated across the caudate nucleus (n = 393; 121 female and 272 male), DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; n = 359; 114 female and 245 male), and hippocampus (n = 375; 121 female and 254 male). C Box plot showing significant differences between neurotypical control (CTL; gray) and schizophrenic (SZ; gold) individuals in the caudate nucleus (n = 393; 121 female and 272 male), DLPFC (n = 359; 113 female and 245 male), and hippocampus (n = 375; 121 female and 254 male) for female (left) and male (right) individuals with annotation of two-sided, Mann-Whitney U p values. All box plots show the median and first and third quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5× the interquartile range.