Fig. 4: Comparison of different battery recycling technologies and techno-economic analysis.
From: Sustainable upcycling of mixed spent cathodes to a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material
a Comparison of downcycling, direct recycling, and upcycling processes for S-LFP and S-LMO cathodes. b–f Techno-economic analysis results of the Pyro, Hydro, Direct, and Upcycle processes. b Cost analysis. c Cost percentages of the Upcycle process. d Revenue analysis. e Profit analysis. f GHG emission and total energy consumption. g Comprehensive comparison of different battery recycling technologies.
