Table 3 Largest clusters of stronger activity of memorised (M) versus novel sequences (Ns)

Contrast	ROI	Temporal extent of the largest clusters from the 1st tone of the sequence (ms)	Peak t-value	P-value
Positive activity
M versus NT1 (onset deviation NT1: 350 ms)	ACC	580–830	7.45	<0.001
	LHG	520–630	7.17	<0.001
	RHP	580–780	7.66	<0.001
M versus NT2 (onset deviation NT2: 700 ms)	ACC	940–1160	7.48	<0.001
	LHG	890–970	6.26	<0.001
	RHP	950–1160	6.24	<0.001
M versus NT3 (onset deviation NT3: 1005 ms)	ACC	1310–1540	6.13	<0.001
	RHG	1660–1760	5.37	<0.001
	RHP	1320–1520	6.72	<0.001
M versus NT4 (onset deviation NT4: 1400 ms)	ACC	1700–1890	6.54	<0.001
	LHG	1640–1720	6.58	<0.001
	RHP	1680–1890	6.56	<0.001
Negative activity
M versus NT1 (onset deviation NT1: 350 ms)	MC	680–860	−6.06	<0.001
M versus NT2 (onset deviation NT1: 700 ms)	MC	980–1180	−6.17	<0.001
M versus NT3 (onset deviation NT1: 1005 ms)	MC	1360–1550	−5.96	<0.001
M versus NT4 (onset deviation NT1: 1400 ms)	MC	1720–1920	−6.17	<0.001

Largest clusters of significantly stronger activity of M versus Ns computed for the six selected automated anatomical (AAL) regions of interest (ROIs): left Heschl’s gyrus (LHG), right Heschl’s gyrus (RHG), left hippocampus (LHP), right hippocampus (RHP), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), and medial cingulate gyrus (MC). The table shows the contrast (two-sided t-tests), the onset of the first varied note in the N sequence, the correspondent ROI, the temporal extent (in ms) of the largest cluster, the peak t-value of the cluster and the associated Monte-Carlo simulations (MCS) p-value. The MC shows stronger negativity since the polarity of the MC signal was primarily negative, thus stronger activity in the MC for M versus N was indicated by a more pronounced negativity for M compared to N. All the other significant clusters, for both the selected six and the remaining AAL ROIs, are reported in detail in Supplementary Data 6 and 7.

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