Fig. 4: Sexually dimorphic expression pattern of INS-39.

a Schematic of the CRISPR/Cas9-edited ins-39(syb4915[ins-39::SL2::GFP::H2B]) reporter. b Representative confocal micrographs of the expression pattern of ins-39(syb4915) reporter in C. elegans across all developmental stages in both sexes. The head and pharynx are outlined in a white dashed line. Co-injection marker is indicated by a yellow asterisk. Scale bars represent 10 µm. c Quantification and comparison of mean total head GFP intensity of the ins-39(syb4915) reporter expression. L1 hermaphrodites: n = 13, L1 males: n = 14, L2 hermaphrodites: n = 12, L2 males: n = 13, L3 hermaphrodites: n = 12, L3 males: n = 11, L4 hermaphrodites: n = 11, L4 males: n = 13, YA hermaphrodites: n = 11, YA males: n = 13. In the box-and-whiskers graph, the center line in the box denotes the median, while the box contains the 25th to 75th percentiles of the dataset, whiskers define the minimum and maximum value with dots showing all points. a.u, arbitrary units. d Representative confocal micrographs showing genetically encoded multi-colored neuronal nuclei of a NeuroPAL worm used to identify the neurons expressing the ins-39(syb4915) reporter in young adult males and hermaphrodites. The table below lists the identified sensory neurons’ established functions (www.wormatlas.org). The images in b and d were acquired using different confocal settings to capture the entire expression pattern. Scale bars represent 10 µm. Quantification of mean GFP intensity in ASK (e) hermaphrodites: n = 12, males: n = 13, ASJ (f) hermaphrodites: n = 12, males: n = 13, and AFD (g) hermaphrodites: n = 13, males: n = 14, neurons in both sexes using the ins-39(syb4915) reporter. In e–g data are presented as mean values +/− SEM. In c, e–g, we performed a two-sided Mann-Whitney test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.