Table 2 The discounted investment costs (in 2022 US Dollars ($)) resulting in emissions and reliability metrics for selected scenarios

From: Carbon pricing and system reliability impacts on pathways to universal electricity access in Africa

Scenario

Investment 2020-30 (billion $)a

Emissions (MtCO2-eq) 2020–30

Demand-weighted mean reliability

Tier 3

   

Ref_central

36

105

0.73

Ref_single_mode (PV MG)

51

14

0.90

Ref_single_mode (Diesel MG)

52

247

0.90

Ref_single_mode (Grid)

235

98

0.62

Rel_Penalty_0.5

52

109

0.81

Ctax_median

42

63

0.73

Tier 4

   

Ref_central

52

174

0.71

Ref_single_mode (PV MG)

78

24

0.90

Ref_single_mode (Diesel MG)

82

459

0.90

Ref_single_mode (Grid)

244

158

0.63

Rel_Penalty_0.5

81

212

0.81

Ctax_median

62

121

0.71

  1. The single mode scenarios represent meeting access with a single technology rather than a least-cost approach.
  2. aInvestment includes reliability penalties/carbon prices incurred in each scenario.
  3. See methods for further detail on what is included and omitted from investment and emissions. MtCO2-eq is megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
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