Fig. 4: CFD simulation comparisons of B1 and 3D-SC propeller topologies at 2000 and 5000 RPM. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: CFD simulation comparisons of B1 and 3D-SC propeller topologies at 2000 and 5000 RPM.

From: Towards silent and efficient flight by combining bioinspired owl feather serrations with cicada wing geometry

Fig. 4

a Streamlines colored by local flow vorticity, illustrating flow pattern variations over the B1 and 3D-SC propellers’ surfaces. b Helicity iso-surfaces at threshold values of \(1.6\times {10}^{4}m/{s}^{2}\) at 2000 RPM and \(1.4\times {10}^{5}m/{s}^{2}\) at 5000 RPM. c Swirling strength iso-surfaces generated at thresholds of \(1.4\times {10}^{3}{s}^{-1}\) at 2000 RPM and \(5.0\times {10}^{3}{s}^{-1}\) at 5000 RPM, color coded by vorticity with magnitudes represented in the accompanying color scale. d Surface dipole pressure source strength contour indicative of tonal noise distribution. e Surface quadrupole pressure source strength contour representing the distribution of broadband noise levels.

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