Fig. 3: The application potential of the TRI-TENG as a real-time electrocardio sensor in vivo.
From: E-cardiac patch to sense and repair infarcted myocardium
A Schematic of the electrical signals outputed from TRI-TENG in swine and the electrocardiography (ECG) signals recorded simultaneously by the signal acquisition system. B Representative macroscopic images of the TRI-TENG array placed between the apex cordis and pericardium in minipig, which was driven by the beating activities of the heart. The yellow line represents the diastolic cardiac contour and the green line represents the systolic cardiac contour. C VOC from TRI-TENG and 2-lead ECG in minipigs. The upper wave represents VOC and the lower wave represents ECG. The number of marked peaks in VOC was in accordance with the marked QRS peaks in ECG from the same 5-s period and the marked peak-peak interval in VOC was matched the R–R interval in ECG, which showed the correlation between voltage and ECG signals. D, E The VOC and the ECG were simultaneously recorded from the TRI-TENG-transplanted Langendorff-perfused rat normal heart (D) and ischemic injured heart (E). The signals were displayed under sinus rhythm and 7 Hz stimulation pacing, respectively. The number of marked peaks was consistent in both the sinus rhythm and 7 Hz-stimulated heart. F Schematic diagram illustrating the electrical output assessment of TRI-TENG in rats as a self-sustaining wireless sensor. G Simultaneously recording of VOC and ECG from a TRI-TENG -transplanted rat heart under normal and ischemic states. H–J Statistics analyses of maximum open-circuit voltage (VOC, max), minimum open-circuit voltage (VOC, min), and the open-circuit voltage difference (ΔVOC) respectively from the minipig hearts (n = 3 independent experiments) (H), the in vivo hearts under the normal state (n = 5 independent experiments) (I) and under the ischemic state (n = 5 independent experiments) (J). The data were presented as mean ± SD.
