Fig. 7: The treatment effect of TRI-TENG array for the infarcted heart in porcine MI models.

A Representative macroscopic images of the minipig hearts pre- and post-occlusion, as well as following transplantation of the TRI-TENG array onto the heart. B Representative transverse sections of hearts from sham, MI and TRI-TENG array transplantation groups after 4 weeks. The heart was cut into four layers from apex to level of ligation. The scar region was highlighted in the sections. Scale bars, 2 cm. C Representative images showing myocardial fibrosis stained with Masson’s Trichrome of cardiac sections in different groups. Scale bars, 2000 µm (left) and 50 µm (right). D The expressions of α-actinin (green) and CX43 (red) proteins in porcine cardiac sections from various groups. Scale bars, 5000 µm (left) and 500 µm (mid and right). E Schematic representation of the assessment of electrical responses in infarcted myocardium in ex vivo porcine hearts using a signal acquisition system. F Representative ECG traces of the stimulation signal from ex vivo hearts in the sham (F1), MI (F2), TRI-TENG array (F3) groups. G The amplitude of the local field potential was subjected to statistical analysis across various groups (n = 3 independent minipigs). H Echocardiographic parasternal short-axis views of the minipigs’ LV in different groups at the papillary-muscle level at 4 weeks after operation. I, J Cardiac function parameters, FS (I) and EF (J), in different groups before occlusion, as well as at 2 and 4 weeks post-operation. K, L Statistical analysis of the changes of FS (K), EF (L) in different groups at 4 weeks after transplantation (n = 3 independent minipigs). The data were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated using two-side one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test.