Fig. 4: Detailed analysis of placental gene expression change.

A Over-representation of adhesion-associated gene ontology (GO) terms and the expression change of key associated genes across time in placenta+decidua. Left panel rows show selected adhesion-associated GO terms (cell adhesion GO theme) and their over-representation in up (red) or downregulated genes (blue) for a given timepoint after instillation in placenta+decidua (X-axis). Dot size and color intensity show effect size and statistical significance (−log₁₀(FDR)). Middle panel shows placenta+decidua LPS vs. Ctrl log₂FC expression change of top differentially expressed (DE) genes linked to one or more of these GO terms as a heatmap where rows indicate genes, columns indicate time after instillation and cell color indicates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vs. Ctrl log₂FC. Stars indicate significant DE (LPS vs. Ctrl, FDR < 0.05). Gene names are shown to the left, colored by functional roles. Right cartoon summarizes expression changes: cell structures or organelles whose genes are up- or downregulated as a response to LPS instillation are colored red and blue, respectively. The adhesion and cell cycle delay GO themes (panel B) have similar dynamics, therefore, genes (middle panel) are shown from both themes. Gray backgrounds link GO themes, genes, and cartoon summary (right). B–F GO term over-representation and expression of linked genes for different GO themes. Plots are organized as in A, but show different GO themes, GO terms, and their associated genes. Source data in fig1_limma_results_no_maternal_contrasts.csv and GO-analysis data in folder GO_enrichment_results_RNAseq. Artwork adapted from bioicons (https://bioicons.com/, CC 0 license).