Table 1 Participation and public engagement: overview of typologies and approaches
From: Public engagement for inclusive and sustainable governance of climate interventions
Approach | Key concepts | Illustrative publications |
|---|---|---|
Typologies by rationale | Differentiate types of participation regarding the motivations that drive them, including instrumental, normative and substantial motivations | |
Typologies by degree or intensity | Differentiate types of participation regarding the degree to which publics are involved in planning, design, decision-making or even knowledge-production process; degrees include, for example, information, consultation, cooperation, collaboration, empowerment | |
Relational and systemic approaches | Analyse the embedding of participation practices in wider socio-political systems and considers emerging and bottom–up participation practices; “ecologies of participation” |
