Fig. 1: Frequency, phenotype, and function of γδ T cells in CVID.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients were analyzed by flow cytometry (see gating strategy in Supplementary Fig. 1). a Graph of the circulating number of γδ T cells (n = 24 healthy, 17 CVID) *P = 0.029 and (b) Vδ1⁺, Vδ2⁺, and Vδ1⁻/Vδ2⁻ subsets as a frequency of total CD3⁺ T cells (n = 47 healthy, 23 CVID) **P = 0.004. c Graph of the ratio of Vδ1/Vδ2 in healthy individuals and CVID patients (n = 47 healthy, 23 CVID) *P = 0.040. Plots and graphs show (d) the CD27⁻ CX3CR1⁺ Vδ1⁺ and CD27⁻ CD28⁻ Vδ2⁺ effector populations (n = 44 healthy, 23 CVID) **** P < 0.0001, e granzyme B⁺ (n = 43 healthy, 21 CVID) **P = 0.002, ****P < 0.0001, and (f) perforin⁺ (n = 40 healthy, 18 CVID) *P = 0.011, **P = 0.005 populations for Vδ1⁺ and Vδ2⁺ subsets. g Stacked graph shows Vδ1⁺ and Vδ2⁺ subsets polyfunctional cytokine response to various stimuli measured by intracellular staining for IL-2, TNF, IL-17 and IFNγ after 18 h of stimulation in the presence of brefeldin A (BFA) in healthy individuals (n = 8) and CVID patients (n = 6). For all graphs, each point represents an individual (unique symbols for each individual are shown in d–f. For bar graphs, bars represent the mean and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). For box and whisker graphs, line is at median, box indicates upper and lower quartiles, and error bars are minimum and maximum values. Statistical significance was calculated using either two-tailed unpaired T test or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sidak’s multiple comparison test. EC E. coli, GrB granzyme B, HMBPP (E)−4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate, IFNγ interferon gamma, IL interleukin, NS no stimulation, PHA phytohemagglutinin, TNF tissue necrosis factor.