Fig. 5: Temporal transcriptomic characterization of organoid growth from primary human hepatocytes.

a Experimental strategy to temporally address the transcriptomic changes associated with organoid growth from PHHs. b Representative brightfield images of outgrowing PHH organoids at day 7 post seeding. Scale bar = 300 μm. c Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for ALB, Ki-67, and β-catenin protein in PHH organoids. Scale bar = 25 μm. d PCA plot visualizing the temporal transcriptomic changes underlying PHH organoid growth across n = 2 donors. e Temporal Z-score expression of the genes identified in the fetal tissue clusters 2 and 7 during PHH organoid growth. The FH organoid growth responses from fetal liver tissue (see Fig. 1g) are plotted for comparison. Mean ± SD is plotted, clusters 2 and 7: n = 2509 and 2330 genes, respectively. f Heatmaps displaying gene expression patterns of proliferation-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes during PHH organoid growth. The mean expression trends of n = 2 donors are visualized as row Z-scores. b, c Representative of characterization of n = 2 outgrowing PHH organoid cultures. Source data are provided as a Source data file.