Fig. 2: Seasonal maxima of observation probability for selected species.

Panels a–c show the timing of highest observation probability across the distribution ranges of Ajuga reptans, Listera ovata and Taraxacum officinale aggr., respectively. Shown are pixels with a maximum daily observation probability ≥0.01 between March and September. Insets in panel c illustrate the seasonal evolution of observation probability (in percent, from February to November, no smoothing applied) at six selected locations within the distribution range of T. officinale aggr. Panels d–f also show timing of peak observation probability, but for a 5 × 5 km square in the region of Faulhorn (outlined on the map in panel c) for Orchis mascula, Aster bellidiastrum, and Galium pumilum aggr., respectively. Maps were created using the open-source R software (see methods).