Fig. 3: Type and timing of B-cell activation imprints on BMPC subsets.
a Schematic representation of vaccination, blood collection and sample analysis. Arrows indicate time points when transcriptome and full-length B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing was performed. b UMAP representation of the expression levels of selected genes in 55071 CD27highCD38high sorted peripheral blood ASC from 36 healthy individuals after COVID-19 or diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccination (see Supplementary Table 2 for information on participants and different vaccination schemes). Colour scale represents the expression level of the indicated genes. c Identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific (red) public clones among analysed ASC. Public clones were defined by displaying >80% CDR3 sequence identity when compared to the BCR of sequenced peripheral blood and bone marrow spike- and tetanus-specific cells from vaccinated individuals (see Supplementary Fig. 1a and Supplementary Data 1). The number of public clones found is shown on the UMAP. d Bubble plot of mutation rates in the framework regions (FR1-3, left) and in the CDR regions (CDR1-3, right) of identified spike-specific public clones per isotype identified in time point after COVID-19 vaccination. Colour scale indicates median mutation rates. Values above the scale limits are shown in red. Bubble sizes correspond to the percentage of spike-specific cells expressing a defined isotype within the indicated group. e Density plots of BMPC significantly enriched in gene signatures from peripheral blood ASC isolated at different time points after vaccination as identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Violin plots of the normalised enrichment score (NES) per BMPC cluster are depicted in Supplementary Fig. 4a. Statistical significance between NES scores is shown in Supplementary Data 1 (two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
