Fig. 2: Evaluation of chiral ligands.

aReactions were carried out in 0.1 mmol scale with respect to amide 2. Conditions: 1a (1.5 equiv), 2a (0.10 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (5 mol%), Ligand (20 mol%), NBE (1.5 equiv), Cs2CO3 (2.0 equiv) in toluene (0.05 M) at 80 °C for 36 h under N2. bCarried out under modified conditions: 1a (1.5 equiv), 2a (0.10 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (5 mol%), L25 (20 mol%), NBE (1.5 equiv), Ag2SO4 (2.0 equiv), H2O (200 μL), 4 ÅMS (100 mg) in toluene (0.05 M) at 80 °C for 36 h under N2. Yields were isolated yields and the ee’s were determined by chiral HPLC analysis. Nap = naphthyl.