Fig. 3: Quantitative nanoinjection of β-galactosidase into cells.

A The dye SPiDER-βGal was used to detect β-galactosidase enzymatic activity inside the cell. Endogenous β-galactosidase is localised to lysosomes in the perinuclear cytoplasm. The nanoinjection of E. coli β-galactosidase into the nucleus causes the nucleus to become fluorescent. A target cell’s nucleus nanoinjected with E. coli β-galactosidase shows an increase in nuclear overall fluorescence. B A snapshot of the current trace (100 s) during the nanoinjection. Based on peak counting, a total of 439 β-galactosidases were nanoinjected into the cell. C The Corrected Total Cell Fluorescence (CTCF) of the nucleus area before and after the nanoinjection was calculated and plotted against the molecule count for 8 independent experiments. The dotted line in B indicated the threshold for events search. The experiments were repeated eight times, and the replicates can be found in the Supplementary Information. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.